diff --git a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/commands-workflow-custom.test.ts b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/commands-workflow-custom.test.ts
index 7f80367a9..16642a7eb 100644
--- a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/commands-workflow-custom.test.ts
+++ b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/commands-workflow-custom.test.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ afterEach(() => {
     process.chdir(savedCwd);
   }
   for (const d of tmpDirs) {
-    rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
   tmpDirs.length = 0;
 });
diff --git a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/custom-engine-loop-integration.test.ts b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/custom-engine-loop-integration.test.ts
index bd7474aa8..ec7d89514 100644
--- a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/custom-engine-loop-integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/custom-engine-loop-integration.test.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ function makeTmpDir(): string {
 afterEach(() => {
   _resetPendingResolve();
   for (const d of tmpDirs) {
-    rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM — OS cleans up temp dirs */ }
   }
   tmpDirs.length = 0;
 });
diff --git a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/custom-workflow-engine.test.ts b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/custom-workflow-engine.test.ts
index 0ba53de99..3fbb3bd57 100644
--- a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/custom-workflow-engine.test.ts
+++ b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/custom-workflow-engine.test.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ function makeTmpDir(): string {
 
 afterEach(() => {
   for (const d of tmpDirs) {
-    rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
   tmpDirs.length = 0;
 });
diff --git a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/definition-loader.test.ts b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/definition-loader.test.ts
index 3cf425813..55d3d9dfc 100644
--- a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/definition-loader.test.ts
+++ b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/definition-loader.test.ts
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ test("loadDefinition: valid 3-step YAML returns correct structure", () => {
     assert.deepEqual(def.steps[2].requires, ["outline"]);
     assert.deepEqual(def.steps[2].produces, ["draft.md"]);
   } finally {
-    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
 });
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ test("loadDefinition: missing file → descriptive error", () => {
       },
     );
   } finally {
-    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
 });
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ steps:
       },
     );
   } finally {
-    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
 });
 
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ steps:
     const def = loadDefinition(dir, "test-workflow");
     assert.deepEqual(def.steps[1].requires, ["first"]);
   } finally {
-    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
 });
 
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ steps:
     const def = loadDefinition(dir, "test-workflow");
     assert.deepEqual(def.steps[1].contextFrom, ["first"]);
   } finally {
-    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
 });
 
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ steps:
     const def = loadDefinition(dir, "test-workflow");
     assert.equal(def.params, undefined);
   } finally {
-    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
 });
 
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ steps:
     const def = loadDefinition(dir, "test-workflow");
     assert.equal(def.description, undefined);
   } finally {
-    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
 });
 
@@ -773,6 +773,6 @@ steps:
     assert.deepEqual(def.steps[0].requires, []);
     assert.deepEqual(def.steps[0].produces, []);
   } finally {
-    rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
 });
diff --git a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/e2e-workflow-pipeline-integration.test.ts b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/e2e-workflow-pipeline-integration.test.ts
index a78cfd6da..419ac5762 100644
--- a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/e2e-workflow-pipeline-integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/e2e-workflow-pipeline-integration.test.ts
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ function makeTmpDir(): string {
 
 afterEach(() => {
   for (const d of tmpDirs) {
-    rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
   tmpDirs.length = 0;
 });
diff --git a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/graph-operations.test.ts b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/graph-operations.test.ts
index 9c18aa282..229557c0d 100644
--- a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/graph-operations.test.ts
+++ b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/graph-operations.test.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ function makeTmpDir(): string {
 }
 
 function cleanupDir(dir: string): void {
-  rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+  try { rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
 }
 
 /** Minimal valid graph for testing. */
diff --git a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/iterate-engine-integration.test.ts b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/iterate-engine-integration.test.ts
index 78a90c2f1..c103095e9 100644
--- a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/iterate-engine-integration.test.ts
+++ b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/iterate-engine-integration.test.ts
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ function makeTmpDir(): string {
 
 afterEach(() => {
   for (const d of tmpDirs) {
-    rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
   tmpDirs.length = 0;
 });
diff --git a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/run-manager.test.ts b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/run-manager.test.ts
index 3db024b64..a86431547 100644
--- a/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/run-manager.test.ts
+++ b/src/resources/extensions/gsd/tests/run-manager.test.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ function makeTmpBase(): string {
 
 afterEach(() => {
   for (const d of tmpDirs) {
-    rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 });
+    try { rmSync(d, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 3, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* Windows EPERM */ }
   }
   tmpDirs.length = 0;
 });